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In the early fifties, in an increasing climate of cold war, United States defined plans to control radio emissions in case of enemy attacks. The primary objective was to shut down broadcast stations that could have been used as guidance reference by ADF equipment of enemy bombers. At the same time there was the need to alert and keep people informed. In 1951 a shut down of any broadcast and ham emission, leaving a couple of AM channels available for Civil Defense, was planned.
The system evolved through the use of dedicated FM an telephone networks, as did few months before, the Washington automatic C-D warning system, with 70W six-foot horn loudspeaker clusters to broadcast information and instruction to population.
Automatic C-D warning system, from Electronics, May 1951.
The idea was to use existing AM stations to inform people all over the States, while preventing their use by radio direction finders aboard of enemy bombers. Conelrad was based upon a network of AM transmitting stations all operating at common synchronous frequencies. This because direction finders could not give reliable readings when several sources from different directions emit at the same frequency.
Definition of the system, from Electronics, August 1951.
Alarm was triggered via telephone and other dedicated lines by the Air Defense Control Centers to some key stations, that started the sequence. Power of the key stations was pulsed down for a minute or two. The missing signal was decoded by other relay stations and propagated to the entire broadcast network. All the associated broadcasters, key and relay stations, in case of alarm had to limit the antenna power to 5 KW. Emission of each station had to be pulsed down for approximately one minute alternating with other station of the same group on a random basis. The pulsed sources, all similar as per frequency and power, randomly appearing and disappearing from several points, contributed to deceive enemy ADF sets.
In case of alarm, 640 and 1240 KHz were the only allowed frequencies. Broadcasters who aimed to join the Conerlad network had to upgrade their sets, in order to switch to one of the said frequencies, also adding capabilities to modulate the antenna power down to 5KW and to pulse it to zero.
All other emissions, ham, TV, AM or FM, had to cease at all. Hams and broadcasters were asked to monitor the issue of Conelrad alarm to shut down their equipment. Special monitors were built, capable of triggering a relay, usually upon a significative drop in the AVC voltage in receivers tuned to the nearest Conerlad station. We find several solutions, ranging from custom built, fixed frequency receivers, to modified general coverage radios, down to simple adapters intended to be connected to the AVC of any existing radio.
A crystal-controlled single channel Conelrad monitor, Electronics, October 1952.

A fine example of custom built Conelrad monitor is this Hallicrafters 5R10A from the collection of Bob F.Maccubbin, Springville, NY USA. It derives from a standard 5R10A receiver with the addition of a large pilot light and of a rotary switch on the front panel.

One of the most popular adapter was the Heathkit CA-1. Its input was connected to the AVC of any receiver. A 2D21 thyratron fired upon the detection of the alarm condition and a manual reset was required to release the relay.

Schematic diagram of Heathkit CA-1 Conelrad adapter.
But even all the commercial radio sets were asked to comply with Conelrad specs. By law in the late fifties through the early sixties all US AM radios had two C-D marks (or even just two stylized triangles) on the tuning dial, at 640 and 1240 KHz emergency frequencies, so that people, when all other stations were down, could readily tune one of them and listen for information and for instructions by Civil-Defense.

Here the picture of the tuning dial of a typical AM radio, kindly supplied by Konrad Birkner. Note the two marks, two red triangles in this case, indicating the exact position of the two C-D frequencies.

In 1963, since the menace of enemy bombers was no longer actual, Conelrad was replaced by the updated EBS, Emergency Broadcast System,

Attachments:

• Automatic C-D warning system (354 KB)
• Conelrad System definition (311 KB)
• Crystal-controlled Conelrad monitor (288 KB)

This article was edited 12.Nov.11 17:30 by Emilio Ciardiello .

iRock. Or my playlists do.

Finals approach rapidly; would like to have my playlists for the 30th, 7th and 14th worked out before December begins. 7th is either “typical*” format, though “typical” changes once I come back from break, or old swing music/war music (it being the 68th anniversary of Pearl Harbor and all; opinion on regular vs. 40s plz?). Stihl fs 80 service manual.

14th is going to be Christmas music, ala Trans Siberian Orchestra and Marillion and Ramones** et all.

The 30th is going to be remakes. I had the idea in mind for awhile, and then k_diddy posted the awesomeBohemian Rhapsody cover, and now…yes. Currently the playlist consists of:

Conelrad Radio Playlist Live

Bohemian Rhapsody (Queen vs Muppets)
Umbrella (Rihanna vs Vanilla Sky***)
Live is Life/Opus Dei (Opus vs. Laibach)
Big Yellow Taxi (Joni Mitchell vs. Counting Crows)
Eve of Destruction (Barry McGuire vs. Billy Idol)
Sorry Billy, I forgot: Guns of Brixton (The Clash vs. Nouvelle Vague)
Do You Remember Rock ‘n’ Roll Radio? (Ramones vs. KISS)
For What It’s Worth (Buffalo Springfield vs. Rise Against)
Beat It (Michael Jackson vs. Fall Out Boy)
Toxic (Britney Spears vs. Marillion)
Apeman (The Kinks vs. Fish)
Gallows Pole (Led Zeppelin vs. Great Big Sea)
Still The One (Shania Twain vs. Roper)
Mamma Mia (ABBA vs. Five Iron Frenzy)
Here Is The News (ELO vs brave Saint Saturn)
Land of Confusion (Genesis vs. Disturbed)

I predict confused listeners, personally. 🙂 Stardust full movie in hindi download 300mb.

Conelrad Radio Playlist Live

Someday I will return to updates that are not about Conelrad. That day is not today!

Conelrad Radio Playlist Radio

Conelrad Radio Fallout 3

*One hour of prog, one hour of random bouncier stuff
**Sorry, but Joey singing Christmas songs is almost as amusingly ironic as Neil Diamond singing Christmas songs.
***Do NOT watch video while eating/drinking. I am not responsible for you snorting liquid through your nose, or spitting on you computer, or anything of the suchlike.